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#### **一、基本概述**
胖大海（學名：*Sterculia lychnophora*）為梧桐科植物的成熟種子，又名「大海子」或「安南子」，因其遇水膨脹如海綿而得名。中醫視其為清熱潤肺、利咽開音的經典藥材。
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#### **二、歷史與由來**
1. **起源與命名**
胖大海最早記載於清代醫書《本草綱目拾遺》，因種子泡發後體積膨大數倍，形似「膨脹的海洋」而得名。
2. **文化背景**
古代東南亞地區（如越南）將其作為貢品傳入中國，故別稱「安南子」，後廣泛用於緩解南方濕熱氣候導致的咽喉疾患。
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#### **三、產地與品質**
- **主要產地**：越南、泰國、柬埔寨等東南亞國家，中國廣東、海南、雲南等地亦有栽培。
- **品質辨別**：外殼深褐色、表面皺縮，泡水後膨脹迅速且膠質豐富者為佳。
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#### **四、藥用功效與中醫價值**
1. **性味歸經**
- 性寒、味甘，歸肺、大腸經。
2. **核心功效**
- **清熱潤肺**：緩解肺熱乾咳、痰黏難咯。
- **利咽開音**：改善咽喉腫痛、聲音嘶啞（如教師、歌手等用嗓過度者）。
- **潤腸通便**：富含膠質，可潤滑腸道，輔治熱結便秘。
3. **中醫辨證應用**
- 常用於「風熱犯肺」或「肺燥津傷」證型，搭配麥冬、玄參等滋陰藥以增強療效。
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#### **五、用法與用量**
- **內服**：每日3-5枚，沸水泡發後去核，取膠質部分服用。
- **煎煮**：與其他中藥配伍（如甘草、菊花）煎煮15-20分鐘。
- **禁忌**：
- 脾胃虛寒者慎用，可能導致腹瀉。
- 不宜長期連續使用（建議不超過7日）。
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#### **六、藥膳食療菜譜**
1. **胖大海雪梨潤喉湯**
- **材料**：胖大海3枚、雪梨1顆、冰糖適量。
- **做法**：雪梨切塊，與泡發的胖大海加水燉煮30分鐘，加冰糖調味。
- **功效**：滋陰潤燥，適合秋季乾咳。
2. **菊花大海茶**
- **材料**：胖大海2枚、菊花5克、蜂蜜少許。
- **做法**：胖大海與菊花沸水沖泡10分鐘，待溫後加蜂蜜。
- **功效**：清熱降火，緩解喉嚨痛。
3. **羅漢果大海粥**
- **材料**：胖大海3枚、羅漢果半顆、粳米50克。
- **做法**：胖大海與羅漢果煎汁，濾渣後與粳米煮粥。
- **功效**：潤腸通便，適合便秘兼咽痛者。
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#### **七、現代研究與注意事項**
- **有效成分**：含胖大海素、多糖及脂肪酸，具抗炎、鎮痛及緩瀉作用。
- **注意**：
- 孕婦及低血壓者需諮詢中醫師。
- 過量可能導致過敏或腸胃不適。
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### 結語
胖大海作為「咽喉守護者」，融合了東南亞物產與中醫智慧，其藥食兩用特性使其成為日常保健的優選。合理運用可緩解現代人常見的咽喉問題，但需辨證使用，以達最佳療效。
### Comprehensive Introduction to Pangdahai (Sterculia lychnophora)
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#### **I. Basic Overview**
Pangdahai (scientific name: *Sterculia lychnophora*), also known as "大海子" (Dahaizi) or "安南子" (Annan seed), is the mature seed of a plant in the Sterculiaceae family. Its name derives from its ability to expand into a sponge-like mass when soaked in water. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it is revered for clearing heat, moistening the lungs, and soothing the throat.
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#### **II. History and Origin**
1. **Origins and Naming**
Pangdahai was first documented in the Qing Dynasty medical text *Compendium of Materia Medica Supplements* (*Bencao Gangmu Shiyi*). Its name, meaning "expanding ocean," reflects its dramatic swelling when hydrated.
2. **Cultural Context**
Introduced to China as a tribute from Southeast Asia (e.g., Vietnam), it became widely used to treat throat ailments caused by humid, heat-intensive climates in southern China.
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#### **III. Production Regions and Quality**
- **Primary Sources**: Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia) and southern China (Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan).
- **Quality Indicators**: High-quality seeds have dark brown, wrinkled shells and expand rapidly into a gelatinous texture when soaked.
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#### **IV. Medicinal Benefits and TCM Value**
1. **Properties and Meridians**
- **Nature**: Cold | **Taste**: Sweet | **Meridians**: Lung and Large Intestine.
2. **Core Benefits**
- **Clears Heat and Moistens the Lungs**: Alleviates dry coughs and sticky phlegm caused by lung heat.
- **Soothes the Throat and Restores Voice**: Addresses sore throat, hoarseness, or vocal strain (common among teachers, singers, etc.).
- **Lubricates the Intestines**: Rich in mucilage, it relieves heat-induced constipation.
3. **TCM Applications**
- Used for syndromes like "wind-heat invading the lungs" or "lung dryness with fluid deficiency," often paired with herbs like *Ophiopogon* (Maidong) and *Scrophularia* (Xuanshen) to enhance efficacy.
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#### **V. Usage and Dosage**
- **Oral Use**: 3–5 seeds daily. Soak in boiling water, discard the core, and consume the gelatinous portion.
- **Decoction**: Boil with other herbs (e.g., licorice, chrysanthemum) for 15–20 minutes.
- **Contraindications**:
- Avoid prolonged use (limit to 7 days).
- Not suitable for those with spleen/stomach coldness (may cause diarrhea).
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#### **VI. Medicinal Recipes and Dietary Therapy**
1. **Pangdahai and Pear Throat-Soothing Soup**
- **Ingredients**: 3 pangdahai seeds, 1 pear (diced), rock sugar (to taste).
- **Method**: Simmer pear and soaked pangdahai in water for 30 minutes; add sugar.
- **Benefits**: Moistens dryness; ideal for autumn dry coughs.
2. **Chrysanthemum and Pangdahai Tea**
- **Ingredients**: 2 pangdahai seeds, 5g chrysanthemum flowers, honey (optional).
- **Method**: Steep seeds and chrysanthemum in hot water for 10 minutes; add honey.
- **Benefits**: Reduces heat and inflammation; eases throat pain.
3. **Luohanguo and Pangdahai Congee**
- **Ingredients**: 3 pangdahai seeds, half a luohanguo (monk fruit), 50g rice.
- **Method**: Boil seeds and luohanguo to extract juice; strain and cook with rice into porridge.
- **Benefits**: Relieves constipation and throat discomfort.
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#### **VII. Modern Research and Precautions**
- **Active Compounds**: Contains sterculin, polysaccharides, and fatty acids, offering anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and mild laxative effects.
- **Cautions**:
- Pregnant women and those with low blood pressure should consult a TCM practitioner.
- Overuse may trigger allergies or gastrointestinal irritation.
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### **Conclusion**
Pangdahai, the "guardian of the throat," embodies the fusion of Southeast Asian botany and TCM wisdom. Its dual role as medicine and food makes it a staple for modern throat and lung care. Proper application based on TCM principles ensures optimal results while respecting its potency and limitations.
