A brief talk about poultry 淺談家禽

[Ho Kwok Leung]

poultry
1.Chicken
There are many types of chicken, but Cantonese cuisine is accustomed to using local chickens and chickens, while roosters, hens, and bamboo chickens are less commonly used.
Local chickens from Qingyuan, Zhouxin, Longtang, and Yubei of Panyu in Guangdong are better. The meat is fat and the bones are soft.
Characteristics of local chickens: smooth, jute-colored hair, short neck, thin eyes, short wings, short and thin feet, golden feet, small crown, large and drooping tail, and good tail oil.
Characteristics of bamboo chicken: flower crown, green earrings, black tongue, black eyes, hairy feet, silky hair, and black flesh. Functional and nourishing, often used as a stew.

2. Goose
There are black mane, green mane, yellow mane (yellow gray, white and red mane, collectively referred to as yellow mane), lion head, hybrid, etc., produced in various parts of our country, with the black mane geese produced in Conghua and Qingyuan having the best meat quality.
Black mane characteristics: black coat, short body, short neck, thin head, short and black feet, and a bun on the head.
Yellow mane characteristics: long body, light yellow coat color, thick hair eyes, yellow feet, red mouth, big bones, thin flesh, another type of flat head without bun, mostly produced in Yunan.
Characteristics of the lion-headed goose: The fur is black, white, and yellow, the body is large, the neck is long, the legs are long, the head is large, the chin has sarcoma (brittle bones), the meat is thin, and the bones are large and hard.
Characteristics of hybrid geese: grayish-yellow coat color, large body, large feet, thin flesh, hard bones, and tough skin.
Analysis of old and tender: soft bun, half-drooped wings, and sky-blue wing hairpins are considered tender; solid bun, wing hairs are crossed, and wing hairpins have been connected to the feathers, which is old.
Analysis of fatness and thinness: A large subwing nucleus indicates fat, and a small nucleus indicates thinness.
Male and female analysis: The male has a long neck and a sharp voice. The one with a short neck and hoarse voice is a female.
3.Duck
There are several types of ducks, including clay ducks, local ducks, Muscovy ducks, and Peking ducks. They are produced in various parts of my country. The local ducks are the best produced in Wanqingsha, Guangdong.
Characteristics of local duck: hemp-colored hair, short neck, thin head, short feet with ocher color, thick breast meat, rich meat and thin bones, and delicious meat.
Characteristics of the clay duck: large and long body, soft body, black fur, long hooked bill, slightly reddish chin, light yellow feet, high-pitched voice, large bones and crisp meat with light flavor.
Characteristics of Muscovy duck: Goose-shaped, large body and short feet, sharp voice, ability to fly, fresh and rough taste. The wings are large and the hair is black, the mouth is black, the hair is hemp-colored, the mouth is green and the hair is pure white, and the mouth is red.
Characteristics of Peking duck: white fur, long and broad body, big head, black eyes, orange-red feet and beak, fat body and tender meat, and extremely delicious taste. It is the crown of ducks.
Analysis of old and tender: soft throat and sky-blue wing hairpins indicate tenderness; hard throat, wing hairpins with feathers and pillows on feet are old.
Analysis of fatness and thinness: soft tail joints are fat, and hard tail joints are thin.

家禽類
1.雞
雞的種類甚多，但粵菜習慣於選用本地的項雞、先雞較多，公雞、母雞、竹絲雞較為少用。
本地雞以廣東清遠、洲心、龍塘、番禺的禺北為好，肉肥骨軟，
本地雞特征：毛幼滑、黃麻色、頸短、眼細、翼短、腳短而細、腳衣金黃色、冠小、尾大而墮垂，尾油好。
竹絲雞特征：花蟠冠、綠耳環、黑舌躉、黑眼睛、腳有毛、毛起絲、肉黑。功能滋補，多用作燉品。

2.鵝
有黑鬃、青鬃、黃鬃（黃灰、白赤鬃，統稱為黃鬃)、獅頭、雜交等，產於我國各地，以從化、清遠產的黑鬃鵝肉質最佳。
黑鬃特征：毛色黑、身短、頸短、頭細、腳矮而黑，頭有髻。
黃鬃特征：身長、毛色淡黃、毛眼粗、腳黃、嘴紅、骨大、肉薄，另一種平頭無髻的，多產於郁南。
獅頭鵝特征：毛有麻黑色、白色、黃色、身大、頸長、腳長、頭大、下巴有肉瘤（脆骨）、肉薄、骨大而硬。
雜交鵝特征：毛色灰黃、身大、腳大、肉薄、骨硬、皮韌。
老嫩分析：髻軟，半垂翼，翼毛簪天藍色為嫩；髻實，翼毛打交叉，翼毛簪已通翎為老。
肥瘦分析：翼下核大為肥，核小為瘦。
雌雄分析：頸長，聲音尖吭是雄。頸短，聲沙啞是雌。
3.鴨
有泥鴨、本地鴨、番鴨、北京鴨等幾種，產於我國各地，本地鴨以廣東萬頃沙產的最佳。
本地鴨特征：毛麻色、頸短頭細、腳短帶赭色、胸肉厚、肉多骨細、肉鮮美。
泥鴨特征：身大而長、身軟、毛色麻黑，嘴長尖有鉤，下巴微有淡紅色，腳淡黃色，聲尖，骨大而脆肉味淡。
番鴨特征：雁鵝形、身大腳短、聲尖、能飛、味鮮而粗糙。翼大毛黑色，黑嘴，毛花麻色，嘴青毛凈白色的，嘴紅。
北京鴨特征：毛色白，身長而闊，頭大，眼黑，腳與嘴俱橘紅色，身肥肉嫩，味極鮮美，為鴨類之冠。
老嫩分析：喉軟、翼簪有天藍色為嫩，喉硬、翼簪已通翎、腳有枕為老。
肥瘦分析：尾巴骨節軟的為肥，尾巴骨節硬的為瘦。